The purpose of this study was to test the neurological validity of a dual-route model of
reading by asking patients, who were undergoing electrocortical stimulation mapping, to …

ABSTRACT Background and Purpose The ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) is a region
crucial for reading acquisition through selective tuning to printed words. Developmental …

Despite dissimilarities among scripts, a universal hallmark of literacy in skilled readers is the
convergent brain activity for print and speech. Little is known, however, whether this differs …

Recent functional neuroimaging studies are generating novel insights into our knowledge of
skilled and disturbed reading. In neurologically normal subjects, a double dissociation in …

Developmental dyslexia is characterized by a severe reading problem in people who have
normal intelligence and schooling,,. Impaired reading of alphabetic scripts is associated with …

Although developmental dyslexia is often defined as a language-based reading impairment
not attributable to low intelligence or educational or socioeconomic limitations, the …

In the present fMRI study, we addressed the question as to whether motor–perceptual
interactions might be involved in reading. Recognizing the letters encountered when …

The present article reviews the literature on the functional neuroanatomy of developmental
dyslexia across languages and writing systems. This includes comparisons of alphabetic …

In adult readers, printed words and other letter strings activate specialized visual functions
within 200 msec, as evident from neurophysiological recordings of brain activity. These fast …

In expert readers, a brain region known as the visual word form area (VWFA) is highly
sensitive to written words, exhibiting a posterior-to-anterior gradient of increasing sensitivity …