Writing was invented too recently to have influenced the human genome. Consequently,
reading acquisition must rely on partial recycling of pre-existing brain systems. Prior fMRI …

What does the visual cortex of the blind do during Braille reading? This process involves
converting simple tactile information into meaningful patterns that have lexical and semantic …

This mini-review summarizes and integrates findings from recent meta-analyses and original
neuroimaging studies on functional brain abnormalities in dyslexic readers. Surprisingly …

We examined the implication of training modality on the cortical representation of Chinese
words in adult second language learners of Chinese. In particular, we tested the implication …

In neuroimaging studies of word reading in natural scripts, the effect of alphabeticality is
often confounded with the effect of practice. We used an artificial script to separately …

Aim Children with dyslexia (DYS) have a deficit in spelling (ie, central processes of writing),
and past experiments have suggested that they also frequently experience difficulties in …

Children in bilingual societies often simultaneously acquire reading skills in distinct writing
systems that vary in consistency of sound–letter mapping or orthographic depth. To …

One of the proposed issues underlying reading difficulties in dyslexia is insufficiently
automatized letter-speech sound associations. In the current fMRI experiment, we employ …

Dyslexic individuals show subtle impairments in naming pictures of objects in addition to
their difficulties with reading. The present study investigated whether word reading and …

Behavioral, neuropsychological and neuroimaging research suggest a distributed network
that is recruited when we interact with letters. For the first time, we combine several letter …