Understanding of chronic heart failure (HF) has progressed from the concept of a purely
hemodynamic disorder to that of a syndrome that results from dysfunction in interconnected …

Understanding of chronic heart failure (HF) has progressed from a syndrome of disordered
hemodynamics caused by alterations in the structure of the heart to one that involves …

Biomarker testing in patients with heart failure (HF) is rapidly expanding. With high-quality
research indicating its diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, biomarkers are excellent …

Abstract Purpose of Review Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of cardiac
morbidity and mortality around the world. Our evolving understanding of the cellular and …

Biological markers have served for diagnosis, risk stratification and guided therapy of heart
failure (HF). Our knowledge regarding abilities of biomarkers to relate to several pathways of …

Heart failure is a complex systemic syndrome resulting from significant impairment of cardiac
function. A vast array of biological pathways is now known to be involved in heart failure …

Heart failure (HF) biomarkers have dramatically impacted the way HF patients are evaluated
and managed. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) are the …

A growing array of biological pathways underpins the syndrome we recognize as heart
failure. These include both deleterious pathways promoting its development and …

Heart failure is a syndrome with a pathophysiological basis that can be traced to dysfunction
in several interconnected molecular pathways. Identification of biomarkers of heart failure …

The pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, and the list of biomarkers representing
distinct pathophysiologic pathways is growing rapidly. Other articles in this issue of the Heart …