The description of the formation of thick‐phase holograms over the entire range of
exposures has been accomplished using numerical methods. The internal electric field …

A multitude of applications exist for volume (thick) holograms and gratings. The use of
ferroelectric crystals such as lithium niobate for volume holographic recording was …

The time development of optically induced refractive‐index hologram gratings in
photrefractive electro‐optic crystals such as lithium niobate and bismuth silicon oxide is …

We have demonstrated that fixation and erasure of phase holograms in ferroelectric
materials can be achieved by fast electrical control. High ionic mobility that allows the …

Diffusion effects are shown to give rise to strong electric fields when insulators with trapped
carriers are exposed to holographic interference patterns. A simple physical model is used …

A method for determining the refractive index profile of thick phase gratings in linear
electrooptic crystals is presented. This method also determines the effective photovoltaic …

The basic phenomenon involved in the writing of phase holograms by the" photorefractive
process" in materials such as lithium niobate is the photOinduced redistribution of electrons …

A theory for the formation of phase holograms in lithium niobate and similiar materials is
presented. The experimental situation considered is that of an open‐circuited crystal with no …

Experimental results on the developing kinetics and final diffraction efficiency of fixed
holograms in iron-doped lithium niobate are presented. Samples with two different oxidation …

Exposure of the insulating ferroelectric crystal, lithium niobate, to light of the appropriate
wavelength causes small changes in the refractive indices. This phenomenon which has …