BACKGROUND Antibiotics are among the most important tools in medicine, but their efficacy
is threatened by the evolution of resistance. Since the earliest days of antibiotics, resistance …

Antibiotic resistance is a problem that continues to challenge the healthcare sector. In
particular, multidrug resistance is now common in familiar pathogens such as …

Introduction: In recent years, infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens
have become a huge issue to public healthcare systems. Indeed, the misuse of antibiotics …

Controlled experimental evolution during antibiotic treatment can help to explain the
processes leading to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Recently, intermittent antibiotic …

New antibiotics are needed because drug resistance is increasing while the introduction of
new antibiotics is decreasing. We discuss here six possible approaches to develop …

Antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant challenges to the health care sector in the
21st century. A myriad of resistance mechanisms have emerged over the past decades and …

Since the discovery of antibiotics by Sir Alexander Fleming they have been used throughout
medicine and play a vital role in combating microorganisms. However, with their vast use …

Most types of antibiotic resistance impose a biological cost on bacterial fitness. These costs
can be compensated, usually without loss of resistance, by second-site mutations during the …

Antibiotic resistance is currently one of the most important public health problems. The
golden age of antibiotic discovery ended decades ago, and new approaches are urgently …

Since their discovery in the early 20th century, antibiotics have been used as the primary
weapon against bacterial infections. Due to their prophylactic effect, they are also used as …