Many viruses infect humans and most are controlled satisfactorily by the immune system
with limited damage to host tissues. Some viruses, however, do cause overt damage to the …

Viral infectious diseases signify an essential portion of global public health concern with
millions of deaths annually. Viruses produce disease directly by killing the host cells they …

Conceptually, the initiation of autoimmune disease can be described as a three‐stage
process involving both genetic and environmental influences. This process begins with the …

Viruses as obligate intracellular parasites require their host to replicate them and to facilitate
their spread to others. In humans, viral infections are rarely lethal, even if they are highly …

The exact aetiology of most autoimmune diseases remains unknown, nonetheless, several
factors contributing to the induction or exacerbation of autoimmune reactions have been …

Immunity to viral infection is caused by a variety of specific and nonspecific mechanisms.
The activation of different immune functions and the duration and magnitude of the immune …

As a group of disorders, autoimmunity ranks as the third most prevalent cause of morbidity
and mortality in the W estern W orld. However, the etiology of most autoimmune diseases …

Viral infections in humans commonly result in the transient appearance of a variety of
autoantibodies and, in some patients, the development of autoimmune tissue injury and …

Many viruses establish life-long infections in their natural host with few if any clinical
manifestations. The relationship between virus and host is a dynamic process in which the …

Based on the highly successful reference work Viral Pathogenesis published in 1997, this
concise, economical version can be used both as an introductory text or for self-education by …