Purpose In the present study, the visual discomfort induced by smart mobile devices was
assessed in normal and healthy adults. Methods Fifty-nine volunteers (age, 38.16±10.23 …

Background This paper investigates viewing distances and eyestrain symptoms in young
adults reading from a smartphone for 60 minutes. Methods A survey related to common …

Purpose: Smartphone use is now ubiquitous and is associated with a range of ocular and
visual symptoms. However, little is known about the etiology of the symptoms which …

PURPOSE This study aimed to analyze the differences in ocular surface, tear film, and visual
fatigue parameters after reading on different digital displays, with and without initial …

Purpose To investigate the influences of smartphone use on ocular symptoms, status of the
tear film, and oxidative stress indices in the tears and at the ocular surface. Methods Eighty …

Abstract Background Head-mounted displays (HMDs) and virtual reality (VR) have been
frequently used in recent years, and a user's experience and computation efficiency could …

Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate whether near work with
smartphone could induce the change of accommodative function. Methods: Total 63 …

Smartphone and tablet use in Australia and worldwide is reaching saturation levels and
associated visual and ocular discomfort such as headaches, eyestrain, dry eyes and sore …

Purpose: Smartphone use has dramatically increased in recent years. Smartphones may
have adverse health effects, particularly on the eyes, because users stare at the screen for a …

Citation information: Siegenthaler E, Bochud Y, Bergamin P & Wurtz P. Reading on LCD vs
e‐Ink displays: effects on fatigue and visual strain. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 367 …