Estimating the cost of regulation is difficult. Firms sometimes reveal costs indirectly, however,
when they exploit loopholes to avoid regulation. We apply this insight to fuel economy …

(CAFE) approach to reducing gasoline consumption by the domestic automobile fleet. The
1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act required manufacturers to sell fleets with a sales …

One of the most hotly contested of all energy policy issues involves Corporate Average Fuel
Economy (or CAFE) standards for new cars and light-duty trucks. Tighter standards would …

Differentiated regulation occurs when a regulatory authority applies different regulatory
criteria across subgroups of a regulated sector. An extreme form of differentiation …

Figure 1. Number of DOE Energy Efficiency Regulations Issued by Year. government's
regulatory powers, and the implications of the reality that people's behavior, both in and out …

Despite widespread agreement that a carbon tax would be more efficient, many countries
use fuel economy standards to reduce transportation-related carbon dioxide emissions. We …

When explaining regulatory policymaking and the behavior of regulated business firms,
scholars have supplemented economic models by emphasizing the role of public‐regarding …

Several scholars are highly skeptical of the use of cost-benefit analysis and other economic
tools in regulatory decision making. Recently, these critics have focused on debunking …

Fuel economy standards are the workhorse of US policy to reduce emissions and oil use by
the light duty fleet, and are slated to be dramatically tightened over the next decade. This …

The world has 1.4 billion passenger vehicles. How should governments regulate their air
pollution emissions? A Pigouvian tax is technologically infeasible. Most countries instead …