Abstract Recently, organ-on-a-chip models, which are microfluidic devices that mimic the
cellular architecture and physiological environment of an organ, have been developed and …

The lung is the primary respiratory organ of the human body and has a complicated and
precise tissue structure. It comprises conductive airways formed by the trachea, bronchi and …

Highlights•Transition from conventional 2D models to 3D and advanced lung-on-a-chip
models.•Recent advances in lung-on-a-chip platforms and their implementation.•Numerous …

Preclinical drug development studies currently rely on costly and time-consuming animal
testing because existing cell culture models fail to recapitulate complex, organ-level disease …

With rapid advances in micro-fabrication processes and the availability of biologically-
relevant lung cells, the development of lung-on-chip platforms is offering novel avenues for …

The merging of three-dimensional in vitro models with multi-organ-on-a-chip (MOC)
technology has taken in vitro assessment of chemicals to an unprecedented level. By …

Although animal experiments are indispensable for preclinical screening in the drug
discovery process, various issues such as ethical considerations and species differences …

The evaluation of inhalation toxicity, drug safety and efficacy assessment, as well as the
investigation of complex disease pathomechanisms, are increasingly relying on in vitro lung …

Organ-on-a-chip is a microfluidic cell culture model that replicates key organ-specific
microarchitecture and pathophysiology in vitro. The current methods to fabricate these …

New emerging technologies, remarkably miniaturized 3D organ models and microfluidics,
enable simulation of the real in vitro microenvironment ex vivo more closely. There are many …