This paper studies protection and control methods for a large dc grid based solely on full-
bridge modular multilevel converters (MMCs). An initial theoretical study concludes that dc …

High voltage direct current (HVDC) grids may be protected from dc faults through the
application of HVDC circuit breakers. Recent advances in dc circuit breaker technologies …

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) grids will require the development of dc protections that
provide fast fault isolation and minimize the disturbance caused to the existing ac power …

A high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) grid protection strategy to suppress dc fault currents
and prevent overcurrent in the arms of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) is proposed in …

The half‐bridge modular multilevel converter (HB‐MMC) is one of the most promising
topologies for high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. Unlike full‐bridge MMC (FB …

The direct-current (dc) fault-clearance capability of the modular multilevel converter (MMC)
is a key issue for overhead line applications of voltage source converter-based high-voltage …

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) with half-bridge submodules (SMs) is the most
promising technology for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) grids, but it lacks dc fault …

The sharp rise in short-circuit currents of voltage-source converters is still a challenge for DC
grid reliability, which imposes stringent requirements on DC breakers. Therefore, fault …

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC)
is an effective solution for large-scale renewable power integration over long-distance. In the …

Without additional circuitry, the half-bridge modular multilevel converter (HB-MMC) is
endangered under dc-side faults. Typically, a bypass thyristor is augmented to each HB cell …