Background COVID-19 comprises several severity stages ranging from oligosymptomatic
disease to multi-organ failure and fatal outcomes. The mechanisms why COVID-19 is a mild …

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral disease. Uncontrolled
inflammation called “cytokine storm” is reported to contribute to disease pathogenesis as …

Introduction In coronavirus disease (COVID-19), inflammation takes center stage, with a
cascade of cytokines released, contributing to both inflammation and lung damage. The …

An excessive inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 is thought to be a major cause of
disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Longitudinal analysis of cytokine …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a scientific, medical, and
social challenge. The complexity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 …

Purpose Cytokines are major mediators of COVID-19 pathogenesis and several of them are
already being regarded as predictive markers for the clinical course and outcome of COVID …

Background High cytokine levels have been associated with severe COVID-19 disease.
Although many cytokine studies have been performed, not many of them include …

Background Understanding the spectrum and course of biological responses to coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) may have important therapeutic implications. We sought to …

Purpose It is difficult to predict the prognosis of COVID-19 patients at the disease onset. This
study was designed to add new biomarkers into conventional inflammatory panels to build …

The heterogeneous disease course of COVID-19 is unpredictable, ranging from mild self-
limiting symptoms to cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi …