Cytokine storm modulation in COVID-19: a proposed role for vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy (VIDPP-4i)

MM Pinheiro, A Fabbri, M Infante - Immunotherapy, 2021 - Taylor & Francis
A dysregulated immune response characterized by the hyperproduction of several pro-
inflammatory cytokines (aka 'cytokine storm') plays a central role in the pathophysiology of …

Recent findings on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutics

N Ebrahimi, S Aslani, F Babaie… - International …, 2020 - Elsevier
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for recent
ongoing public health emergency in the world. Sharing structural and behavioral similarities …

Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2

M Catanzaro, F Fagiani, M Racchi, E Corsini… - Signal transduction and …, 2020 - nature.com
To date, no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19
and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments. Therefore, based on the fast …

Immunomodulation as a potent COVID-19 pharmacotherapy: Past, present and future

DM Hertanto, BS Wiratama, H Sutanto… - Journal of …, 2021 - Taylor & Francis
In the first year of its appearance, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected
more than 150 million individuals and killed 3 million people worldwide. The pandemic has …

Calming the storm: natural immunosuppressants as adjuvants to target the cytokine storm in COVID-19

AE Peter, BV Sandeep, BG Rao… - Frontiers in …, 2021 - frontiersin.org
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, with no specific antiviral to treat
the infection and the absence of a suitable vaccine to prevent it. While some individuals …

Role of inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients: A review on molecular mechanisms, immune functions, immunopathology and immunomodulatory drugs to …

AA Rabaan, SH Al-Ahmed, J Muhammad, A Khan… - Vaccines, 2021 - mdpi.com
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a severe pandemic of the current century. The vicious …

Vitamin D regulation of the immune system and its implications for COVID-19: A mini review

L Bui, Z Zhu, S Hawkins… - SAGE Open …, 2021 - journals.sagepub.com
The novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-
2), which is at the origin of the current pandemic, predominantly manifests with severe …

Immunomodulatory agents for COVID-19 treatment: possible mechanism of action and immunopathology features

F Rommasi, MJ Nasiri, M Mirsaeidi - Molecular and cellular biochemistry, 2022 - Springer
The novel coronavirus pandemic has emerged as one of the significant medical-health
challenges of the current century. The World Health Organization has named this new virus …

Cytokine storm in COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and therapy

C Zanza, T Romenskaya, AC Manetti, F Franceschi… - Medicina, 2022 - mdpi.com
A cytokine storm is a hyperinflammatory state secondary to the excessive production of
cytokines by a deregulated immune system. It manifests clinically as an influenza-like …

Diverse immunological factors influencing pathogenesis in patients with COVID-19: a review on viral dissemination, immunotherapeutic options to counter cytokine …

AA Rabaan, SH Al-Ahmed, MA Garout, AM Al-Qaaneh… - Pathogens, 2021 - mdpi.com
The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still not fully unraveled. Though …