Simple Summary For decades, countless efforts have been devoted to developing targeted
drugs to improve the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Among the novel …

The development of immunotherapy agents has revolutionized the field of oncology. The
only FDA-approved immunotherapeutic approach in breast cancer consists of immune …

Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer
subtype accounting for approximately 10–20% of all cases. Due to a lack of actionable …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have led to durable clinical remissions in many
metastatic cancers. However, the single-agent efficacy of ICIs in breast cancer is low …

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (estimated 2.3 million new cases in
2020) and the leading cause of cancer death (estimated 685,000 deaths in 2020) in women …

Patients with breast tumors that do not express the estrogen receptor, the progesterone
receptor, nor Her-2/neu are hence termed “triple negatives”, and generally have a poor …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered one of the highest-risk subtypes of
breast cancer and has dismal prognosis. Local recurrence rate after standard therapy in the …

Highlights•TNBCs is one of the most heterogenous form of breast cancer appear to have
elevated numbers of immune cells infiltration.•Using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) …

Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer has been historically considered an orphan
disease in terms of therapeutic options. To date, chemotherapy is still the mainstay of …

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high-risk and aggressive malignancy
characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) …