Rationale: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial-dependent metabolite of dietary
choline, phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), and l-carnitine, is elevated in chronic kidney …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have elevated circulating levels of
trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite derived from gut microbes and associated with …

Abstract Purpose of Review Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbiota-dependent
metabolite produced from choline and phosphatidylcholine. Trimethylamine N-oxide was …

Objective: Gut microbial metabolism of dietary choline, a nutrient abundant in a Western diet,
produces trimethylamine (TMA) and the atherothrombosis-and fibrosis-promoting metabolite …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an enhanced risk of cardiovascular (CV)
morbidity and mortality when compared with age-and gender-matched individuals with …

Gut microbiota-dependent Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been reported to be strongly
linked to renal function and to increased cardiovascular events in the general population …

Cardiovascular disease is more common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and
traditional risk factors do not adequately predict those at risk for cardiovascular (CV) events …

Objectives Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a product of metabolism of
phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) and carnitine by the intestinal microbiome. Elevated serum …

Elevated circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations have been observed in
patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to systematically estimate and …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
Impaired endothelial function, a key initiating step in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular …