Background Microglia, the resident macrophage-like cells in the brain, regulate innate
immune responses in the CNS to protect neurons. However, excessive activation of …

Microglial activation and oxidative stress are significant components of the pathology of
Parkinson's disease (PD), but their exact contributions to disease pathogenesis are unclear …

Background Parkinson's disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease linked to
progressive movement disorders and is accompanied by an inflammatory reaction that is …

Chronic psychological stress is one of the most important triggers and environmental risk
factors for neuropsychiatric disorders. Chronic stress can influence all organs via the …

Growing evidence implicates microglia in the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's
disease (PD). However, factors mediating microglial activation in PD are poorly understood …

Chronic exposure to high circulating levels of glucocorticoids (GCs) may be a key risk factor
for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) development and progression. In addition, hyper-activation of …

The immunosuppressive nature of glucocorticoids has been well documented both in vitro
and in vivo. This glucocorticoid-mediated immunosuppression has also been observed in …

Chronic inflammation mediated by microglial cells is the fundamental process contributing to
the death of dopamine (DA)-producing neurons in the brain. Production of inflammatory …

The impact of systemic inflammation in nigral dopaminergic cell loss remains unclear. Here,
we have investigated the role of peripheral inflammation induced by systemic …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by
histopathological and biochemical manifestations such as loss of midbrain dopaminergic …