The newfound coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), initiated by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an international public health concern …

ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus
known as SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global public health crisis. As of 7 January 2021 …

The dysregulated release of cytokines has been identified as one of the key factors behind
poorer outcomes in COVID-19. This “cytokine storm” produces an excessive inflammatory …

The description of a so-called cytokine storm in patients with COVID-19 has prompted
consideration of anti-cytokine therapies, particularly interleukin-6 antagonists. However …

At present, the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) has not
been fully elucidated. Clinical and experimental findings from studies investigating COVID …

Abstract The COVID-19-, SARS-and MERS-related coronaviruses share many genomic and
structural similarities. However, the SARS-CoV-2 is less pathogenic than SARS-CoV and …

Pathogenic human coronavirus infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV
(SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), cause high morbidity …

Knowledge about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 as it interacts with immune defenses is
limited. SARS-CoV-2 is spread by droplets that come into contact with mucous membranes …

Background In the absence of highly effective antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2, it is
crucial to counter the known pathophysiological causes of severe COVID-19. Evaluating the …

To the Editor: Since the emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, the …