Escape from T cell–mediated immune responses affects the ongoing evolution of rapidly
evolving viruses such as HIV. By applying statistical approaches that account for …

Antigen-specific T cell immunity is HLA-restricted. Human immunodeficiency virus–type 1
(HIV-1) mutations that allow escape from host immune responses may therefore be HLA …

HIV avoids elimination by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) through the evolution of escape
mutations. Although there is mounting evidence that these escape pathways are broadly …

ABSTRACT HLA class I-associated polymorphisms identified at the population level mark
viral sites under immune pressure by individual HLA alleles. As such, analysis of their …

Much uncertainty still exists over what T-cell responses need to be induced by an effective
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine. Previous studies have hypothesized that the …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 amino acid sequence polymorphisms associated
with expression of specific human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mutations that confer escape from cytotoxic T-
lymphocyte (CTL) recognition can sometimes result in lower viral fitness. These mutations …

The sequence diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) represents a major
obstacle to the development of an effective vaccine, yet the forces impacting the evolution of …

Despite the formidable mutational capacity and sequence diversity of HIV-1, evidence
suggests that viral evolution in response to specific selective pressures follows generally …

The error-prone replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enables it to
continuously evade host CD8+ T-cell responses. The observed transmission, and potential …