The depressive state has been characterised as one of elevated inflammation, which holds
promise for better understanding treatment-resistance in affective disorders as well as for …

Accumulating evidence supports an association between depression and inflammatory
processes, a connection that seems to be bidirectional. Clinical trials have indicated …

Inflammation may correlate with a specific subgroup of depression and differential
antidepressant response, but no trial has studied changes of many inflammatory markers …

Rationale Evidence suggests that depression is cross-sectionally and longitudinally
associated with activation of inflammatory response system. A few studies, however, have …

Background A substantial percentage of depressed patients do not respond satisfactorily to
conventional antidepressant treatment. This treatment resistant depression (TRD) may be …

Recognition that inflammation may represent a common mechanism of disease has been
extended to include neuropsychiatric disorders including major depression. Patients with …

This chapter explores the evidence supporting inflammation-associated depression. Data to
date suggest a bidirectional relationship between inflammation and depression wherein one …

Low-grade inflammation plays a role not only in the pathogenesis of major depressive
disorder (MDD) but probably also in the poor responsiveness to regular antidepressants …

Objective: Evidence from anti-inflammatory drug trials for the treatment of depression has
been inconsistent. This may be ascribed to the differing symptom-specific effects of …

Approximately one third of depressed patients fail to respond to currently available
antidepressant therapies. Therefore, new conceptual frameworks are needed to identify …