Complex diseases like cancer are regulated by large, interconnected networks with many
pathways affecting cell proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance. However, current cancer …

Owing to drug synergy effects, drug combinations have become a new trend in combating
complex diseases like cancer, HIV and cardiovascular diseases. However, conventional …

Two goals motivate treating diseases with drug combinations: reduce off-target toxicity by
minimizing doses (synergistic potency) and improve outcomes by escalating effect …

A more nuanced approach to drug design is to use multiple drugs in combination to target
interacting or complementary pathways. Drug combination treatments have shown higher …

Experience in clinical practice and research in systems pharmacology suggested the
limitations of the current one-drug-one-target paradigm in new drug discovery. Single-target …

Over the past decade, a more comprehensive, large-scale approach to studying cancer
genetics and biology has revealed the challenges of tumor heterogeneity, adaption …

Abstract Systems biology uses experimental and computational approaches to characterize
large sample populations systematically, process large datasets, examine and analyze …

Improvements in drug design have historically been centered around structure-based
optimization of molecule specificity for a targeted protein, in an effort to reduce unintentional …

There are significant gaps in our understanding of the pathways by which drugs act. This
incomplete knowledge limits our ability to use mechanistic molecular information rationally …

We examine how physiology and pathophysiology are studied from a systems perspective,
using high‐throughput experiments and computational analysis of regulatory networks. We …