Structured abstract Importance Vitamin D deficiency increases the incidence of respiratory
virus infections. More than 1 billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient. If vitamin D …

Background & aims Great interest has been raised by the possible protective role of vitamin
D in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but objective data on 25 (OH) vitamin D …

Background Vitamin D acts as a mediator in the immune system regulating antiviral
mechanisms and inflammatory processes. Vitamin D insufficiency has been suggested as a …

Background Several immune mechanisms activate in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Usually,
coronavirus infection is characterized by dysregulated host immune responses, interleukine …

Background Vitamin D deficiency is a substantial public health problem. The present study
evaluated the association between vitamin D concentration and hospitalization and mortality …

Context: Populations severely affected by COVID-19 are also at risk for vitamin D deficiency.
Common risk factors include older age, chronic illness, obesity, and non-Caucasian race …

Aim Deterioration of patients from COVID-19 is associated with cytokine release syndrome
attributed to an elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Vitamin D reduces proinflammatory …

Purpose Older adults are more likely to be vitamin D deficient. The aim of the study was to
determine whether these patients have worse outcomes with COVID-19. Methods We …

We explored the association between COVID-19 severity and vitamin D status using
information from Danish nation-wide health registers, the COVID-19 surveillance database …

COVID-19 symptoms vary from asymptomatic cases to moderate and severe illness with
patients needing hospitalization and intensive care treatment. Vitamin D is associated with …