Human coronaviruses (hCoVs) can be divided into low pathogenic and highly pathogenic
coronaviruses. The low pathogenic CoVs infect the upper respiratory tract and cause mild …

Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are known respiratory pathogens associated with a range of
respiratory outcomes. In the past 14 years, the onset of severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe
outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are by far the largest group of known positive‐sense RNA viruses
having an extensive range of natural hosts. In the past few decades, newly evolved …

Human coronaviruses cause a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from mild common colds
to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Three highly pathogenic human …

Infections with human coronavirus EMC (HCoV-EMC) are associated with severe
pneumonia. We demonstrate that HCoV-EMC resembles severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Respiratory viruses can cause a wide spectrum of pulmonary diseases, ranging from mild,
upper respiratory tract infections to severe and life‐threatening lower respiratory tract …

ABSTRACT A novel human coronavirus (HCoV-EMC) was recently identified in the Middle
East as the causative agent of a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) resembling the …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Four
human CoVs (HCoVs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like HCoVs …

ABSTRACT World Health Organization has declared the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The virus …