----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------
-----------------------Recent technological advances in communications and computation have …

In wireless sensor networks, the energy consumed by each node of the network influences
the lifetime of the networks, more than the consumption of energy increases more than the …

Recent developments in low-power communication and signal processing technologies
have led to the extensive implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In a WSN …

In today's sensor network research, numerous technologies are used for the enhancement
of earlier studies that focused on cost-effectiveness in addition to time-saving and novel …

Recently, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been broadly studied in ubiquitous
computing environments. In WSN, it is important to reduce communication overhead by …

Typically, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) use limited-capacity batteries that cannot be
recharged or replaced. In general, designing an energy-efficient routing protocol has a …

Clustering is an effective way to prolong the lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN).
The common approach is to elect cluster heads to take routing and controlling duty, and to …

Swarm intelligence is a relatively novel field. It addresses the study of the collective
behaviors of systems made by many components that coordinate using decentralized …

Energy conservation is the main issue in wireless sensor networks. Many existing clustering
protocols have been proposed to balance the energy consumption and maximize the battery …