A mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 that can be developed in any molecular biology lab with
standard facilities will be valuable in evaluating drugs and vaccines. Here we present a …

RNA vaccines have demonstrated efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in humans, and the
technology is being leveraged for rapid emergency response. In this report, we assessed …

Introduction The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns on future vaccine
efficacy as most vaccines target only the spike protein. Hence, vaccines targeting multiple …

The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolution has
resulted in many variants, contributing to the striking drop in vaccine efficacy and …

The highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV have led to the COVID-
19 pandemic and SARS outbreak, respectively. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the …

mRNA vaccines encoding a single spike protein effectively prevent severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology has shown its power in preventing the
ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Two mRNA vaccines targeting the full-length S protein of …

Carrier-free naked mRNA vaccines may reduce the reactogenicity associated with delivery
carriers; however, their effectiveness against infectious diseases has been suboptimal. To …

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by infection with the severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is having a deleterious impact on …

After the outbreak of COVID-19, billions of vaccines with different types have been
administrated, including recombinant protein vaccines and mRNA vaccines. Although both …