Magnetic induction (MI) communication has been an emerging communication technology
to alternate electromagnetic communication in underground environment. However, the path …

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) present a variety of new research
challenges. Magnetic induction (MI) based transmission has been proposed to overcome …

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) have applications in, for example,
environment and infrastructure monitoring. Typically used high-frequency radio waves for …

Wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) consists of wireless devices that can be
exploited below the ground surface. These devices are buried completely under dense soil …

Wireless communication in the subsurface has many scientific, commercial, disaster
management, and security applications. The communications could be between two …

A comprehensive study of electromagnetic waves underground propagation for a wireless
sensor network is introduced in this paper. A mathematical model for path loss due to …

The introduction of low-cost chip transceivers has driven the exploration of applications
extending wireless sensing technology below the ground. The fundamental challenge with …

This paper presents a practical low-power, low-frequency magnetic induction (MI)
transceiver based on symmetrical gaped two-loop antennas with an empirical circuit model …

India's economy is mainly reliant on agriculture and it is critical that agriculture thrives. The
technologies are big, site-specific, and crop-specific, so they can only be used on broad …