Underground is a challenging environment for wireless communication since the
propagation medium is no longer air but soil, rock and water. The well established wireless …

Some classes of sensing applications target scenarios where the overall system, including
antenna and energy sub-system, is placed under the ground, through concrete, or under-the …

The objective of Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) is to establish an
efficient wireless communication in the underground medium. A magnetic induction (MI) …

Abstract Internet of Underground Things (IOUT) communications have the potential for soil
properties estimation and soil moisture monitoring. In this paper, a method has been …

In this paper, an electrical model of RFID system for optimization of the effects of asphalt and
soil on subsurface magnetic induction communication and location is performed. On the …

Magnetic induction communication (MIC) demonstrates high penetration efficiency and low
propagation loss in extreme environments. It is used in underground and underwater …

The paper proposes a radio signal propagation model for underground low-power devices
such as wireless sensor nodes and evaluates the model through the measurements using …

With deployment of wireless underground sensor network nodes through-the-earth
communication tests on soil information acquisition sensor nodes were designed to reveal …

Abstract Underground Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is a newly emerging technology
that is capable of replacing existing traditional wired connections. Research has proved that …

During the past few years, Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) become
widely used due to their large amount of applications. These applications are classified into …