In underground sensor networks, electronic magnetic waves undergo severe fading due to
the challenging environment. Magnetic-induction (MI) communication is a promising …

Abstract Underground Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is a newly emerging technology
that is capable of replacing existing traditional wired connections. Research has proved that …

With deployment of wireless underground sensor network nodes through-the-earth
communication tests on soil information acquisition sensor nodes were designed to reveal …

During the past few years, Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) become
widely used due to their large amount of applications. These applications are classified into …

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSN) using Electro-Magnetic (EM) wave
communication has to address the challenges posed by the underground environment. An …

In this chapter, fundamental building blocks of electromagnetic (EM)-based wireless
underground sensor networks (WUSNs) are presented. A detailed introduction to the …

Wireless Underground Communication (WUC) is an emerging field that is being developed
continuously. It provides secure mechanism of deploying nodes underground which shields …

With the research of the wireless sensor network technology, some wireless underground
sensor network nodes and a sink node based on embedded technology and RF technology …

In this paper, we analyze the effect of different underground materials on very-low and low-
frequency magnetic fields used in the contexts of magneto-inductive localization and …

The possibility of employing sensor nodes that wireless communicate under the ground,
through concrete, or under-the-debris (disaster scenario) has been recently highlighted at …