In the non-conventional media like underwater and underground, the Radio Frequency (RF)
communication technique does not perform well due to large antenna size requirement and …

Magnetic induction (MI) communication is a promising underground wireless communication
method with significant advantages. In recent years, many efforts have been made to …

An accurate and simple radio propagation model for underground low-power devices such
as wireless sensor nodes is introduced and its performance is evaluated by real wireless …

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) are a natural extension of the wireless
sensor networks (WSN) phenomenon to the underground environment. In this work …

A comprehensive treatment of wireless underground channel modeling is presented in this
chapter. The impacts of the soil on bandwidth and path loss are analyzed. A mechanism for …

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) are networks of wireless sensor nodes
operating below the ground surface, which are envisioned to provide real time monitoring …

A promising new technology for environmental monitoring is the wireless sensor network.
Recently, we developed a sensor network for the near real-time monitoring of soil moisture …

A wireless network of sensor nodes which is primarily used to extract a variety of
underground information, is termed as Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN) …

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) constitute one of the promising application
areas of the recently developed wireless sensor networking techniques. The main difference …

Wireless sensor network technology allows real‐time soil water content monitoring with a
high spatial and temporal resolution for observing hydrological processes in small …