Background. Emerging evidences suggest that in severe COVID-19, multi-organ failure is
associated with a hyperinflammatory state (the so-called “cytokine storm”) in combination …

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, primarily affects the epithelial
compartment in the upper and lower airways. There is evidence that the microvasculature in …

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form a critical interface between blood and tissues that
maintains whole-body homeostasis. In COVID-19, disruption of the EC barrier results in …

Microvascular thrombosis is associated with multiorgan failure and mortality in coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although thrombotic complications may be ascribed to the ability …

The spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can
interact with endothelial cells. However, no studies demonstrated the direct effect of the …

Abstract COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a respiratory disease associated with
inflammation and endotheliitis. Mechanisms underling inflammatory processes are unclear …

Currently, the world is suffering from the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),
caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that uses …

ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause compromised respiratory function and
thrombotic events. SARS-CoV-2 binds to and mediates downregulation of angiotensin …

Introduction Although both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS can be accompanied by
significantly increased levels of circulating cytokines, the former significantly differs from the …

COVID-19 progression often involves severe lung injury, inflammation, coagulopathy, and
leukocyte infiltration into pulmonary tissues. The pathogenesis of these complications is …