Contradictory results have been reported regarding interferon (IFN) lambda (λ1–3) and IFN
gamma (γ) production in COVID-19 patients. To gain insight into the roles played by these …

The most recently discovered interferon (IFN) family, type III IFNs or lambda IFNs (IFN-λs)
are caused by viral infection and act in mucosal barriers, such as the respiratory tract. In this …

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of deaths and has resulted in disastrous
societal and economic impacts worldwide. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, abnormal levels of …

COVID-19 patients show characteristic over-expression of different cytokines that may
interfere with the interferon (IFN) response, delaying its production. Within the …

The natural course of type I and III interferon (IFN) response in the respiratory tract of COVID-
19 patients needs to be better defined. We showed that type I/III IFNs, IFN-regulatory factor 7 …

Introduction. Caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
infection, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has threatened global public health …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in Wuhan in December 2019 and has since …

Cytokines play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 infection progression and severity. A
number of inflammatory cytokines have been directly associated with disease severity …

A novel coronavirus now known as SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019, possibly following a
zoonotic crossover from a coronavirus present in bats. This virus was identified as the …

Background The role of type I interferons (IFNs) in the early phase of COVID-19 remains
unclear. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between IFN-I levels in patients with COVID …