Aims Observational evidence suggests associations between sex hormone levels and heart
failure (HF). We used sex‐specific genetic variants associated with androgenic sex hormone …

Background Heart failure is a major cause of morbidity among males and females. Previous
observational evidence has suggested an association between sex hormone levels and …

Aims Serum sex hormones have been linked to cardiovascular disease risk. However, their
roles in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) in both men and women are unclear. We …

Men are more vulnerable to ischemic heart disease (IHD) than women, possibly due to
testosterone. Correspondingly, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) which lowers …

Background Although observational studies have shown an association between sex
hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone (T) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) …

Aims The increased incidence of heart failure in men suggests that endogenous sex
hormones might play a role in the development of heart failure, but epidemiological data …

Background Normal values of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and absolute values of
global longitudinal strain (GLS) are lower in men than in women. Data concerning the …

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) subtypes, which are classified by left ventricular ejection
fraction (LVEF), demonstrate significant sex differences. Here, we perform sex-stratified …

Background This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum testosterone
levels and the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF) in adult males. Previous research has …

Background Testosterone supplementation has been linked to increased cardiovascular
disease risk in some observational studies. The causal role of testosterone can be …