This review demonstrates that 4D printing constitutes a key technology to enable significant
advances in microrobotics. Unlike traditional microfabrication techniques, 4D printing …

Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features to
accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites in the human body. Microrobots can be precisely …

Microrobots, which can perform tasks in difficult-to-reach parts of the human body under their
own or external power supply, are potential tools for biomedical applications, such as drug …

The idea of four-dimensional (4D) printing is the formation of intricate stimuli-responsive 3D
architectures that transform into different forms and shapes upon exposure to environmental …

Current additive manufacturing, including three-dimensional (3D) and so-called four-
dimensional printing, of soft robotic devices is limited to millimeter sizes. In this study, we …

3D printing (also called “additive manufacturing” or “rapid prototyping”) is able to translate
computer-aided and designed virtual 3D models into 3D tangible constructs/objects through …

Soft robotics has grown rapidly as an attractive manufacturing technique at
micro/nanoscales, especially in the field of biomedical engineering, due to its mobility and …

Soft robotic systems are human friendly and can mimic the complex motions of animals,
which introduces promising potential in various applications, ranging from novel actuation …

Multimaterial mechanisms are seen throughout natural organisms across all length scales.
The different materials in their bodies, from rigid, structural materials to soft, elastic materials …

Soft robots have received an increasing attention due to their advantages of high flexibility
and safety for human operators but the fabrication is a challenge. Recently, 3D printing has …