Genetic factors contribute strongly to sex hormone levels, yet knowledge of the regulatory
mechanisms remains incomplete. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified …

Sex differences have been shown in laboratory biomarkers; however, the extent to which
this is due to genetics is unknown. In this study, we infer sex-specific genetic parameters …

Objective Concentrations of circulating sex hormones have been associated with a variety of
diseases in women and are strongly influenced by menopausal status. We investigated the …

Background Sex hormones and gonadotropins exert a wide variety of effects in
physiological and pathological processes. Accumulated evidence shows a strong heritable …

Background Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone and oestradiol have been
associated with many diseases in observational studies; however, the causality of …

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein responsible for the transport and
biologic availability of sex steroid hormones, primarily testosterone and estradiol. SHBG has …

Objective Epidemiological and clinical studies have highlighted important roles for sex
hormones in the regulation of fat distribution and systemic metabolism. We investigated the …

resubmitted on May 15, 2013; accepted on May 22, 2013 abstract: Many genetic association
studies have been performed to investigate disorders of female reproduction, such as …

Twin studies suggest a heritable component to circulating sex steroid hormones and sex
hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). In the NCI-Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort …

Males and females present differences in complex traits and in the risk of a wide array of
diseases. Genotype by sex (GxS) interactions are thought to account for some of these …