It is a fundamental trait of Community law that its application, implementation and
enforcement are largely entrusted to the various public authorities of the Member States. In …

About a decade ago, it was necessary to explain the reasons for which the question of
damages in the national courts for breach of Community law was relevant to the non …

On behalf of the members of the European Court of Justice let me say that we are very
pleased indeed that Professor Alan Dashwood and the Faculty of Law at the University of …

The purpose of this article is to discuss enforcement of Community law rights before national
courts and the remedies available to private individuals who have their rights infringed. This …

To discuss actions for damages in the national courts in a Colloquium devoted to Article 215
of the EEC Treaty may appear unwarranted. Article 215 (2) of the Treaty deals only with the …

This work deals with possibilities of remedying the conduct of national courts which is
incompliant with European Community law. Recent months have seen the concurrence of a …

IT is a fundamental principle of the European Community legal order that in cases of conflict
between Community and national law, Community law is supreme 1; Community law, that is …

It is always an honour to be invited to give a named lecture and especially to be invited to do
so in this University. But it is an added privilege and also a pleasure to be invited to do so …

1. What have the organizers in mind when referring to the European ambitions of the
national judiciary? I would imagine those ambitions will go beyond the normal role of …

Abstract When Member States violate European Community law and affected persons bring
a claim for damages there seems to be a clear and simple division of tasks between …