Coarse grains accumulate at granular flow fronts and must be considered when studying
granular flows impacting barriers. Experimental studies often use instrumented barriers …

Granular flows, such as debris flows, are commonly arrested by using deformable barriers,
but their designs rely heavily on empiricism. The fundamental impact mechanisms between …

Flexible obstacles are used to reduce the impact load exerted by granular flows. However,
grain-scale interactions between granular assemblies and flexible obstacles remain poorly …

The impact and pileup mechanisms of unsteady granular flows impacting a rigid barrier are
governed by the Froude conditions (Fr). Velocity and depth vary along the length of the flow …

Granular flows comprise a wide range of particle sizes. The particle size governs the degree
of grain contact and inertial stresses in the flow, thus influencing the mechanism of impact …

Understanding the behavior of rapid granular flow and quantifying the impact force from a
granular sliding mass on a rigid obstruction provide useful information for risk assessment …

Understanding the interaction between complex geophysical flows and barriers remains a
critical challenge for protecting infrastructure in mountainous regions. The scientific …

Baffles and check-dam systems are often used as granular flow (rock avalanches, debris
flows, etc.) control structures in regions prone to dangerous geological hazards leading to …

A detailed investigation on the influence of topography on the impact mechanism of dry
granular flow is still lacking. In this study, the effect of topography was examined …

The peak pressure of a granular debris flow at low Froude conditions can be calculated with
knowledge of the stress anisotropy and the bulk density as well as the run-up height at …