Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a crucial part of the Internet of Things (IoT),
and research on WSN routing protocols has always been a hot topic in academia. However …

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have arisen as one of the hottest and most promising
research areas nowadays, where one most critical research challenge is to extend the …

Clustering routing is one of the most prevailing approaches for saving energy in wireless
sensor networks (WSNs). However, many existing clustering protocols have the problem of …

The minimum energy consumption issues has now an emerging area of research in wireless
sensor network (WSN). These WSN enable new technological application like Internet of …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly important, providing pervasive
real-time applications that have been used to enhance smart environments in various fields …

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an infrastructure-less network that deploys many
interconnected sensors to monitor physical environmental conditions and sends data to the …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently been viewed as the basic architecture that
prepared the way for the Internet of Things (IoT) to arise. Nevertheless, when WSNs are …

Wireless sensor networks have become a vital part of the Internet of Things (IoT)
applications. Due to its resource constraints nature, significant challenges in achieving QoS …

Wireless sensor networks exploit clustering and routing techniques to improve energy
efficiency, but these methods are generally considered as a non-deterministic polynomial …

Energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has been studied widely to
enhance the network performance. Various nature-inspired routing mechanisms are …