Increased understanding of immune responses influencing clinical severity during pandemic
influenza infection is important for improved treatment and vaccine development. In this …

There is limited knowledge of influenza‐specific immune responses and their kinetics in
critically ill patients. We investigated humoral and cellular immune responses after critical …

Background Previous exposures to flu and subsequent immune responses may impact on
2009/2010 pandemic flu vaccine responses and clinical symptoms upon infection with the …

Background Cellular immune responses are not well characterized during the initial days of
acute symptomatic influenza infection. Methods We developed a prospective cohort of …

While currently used influenza vaccines are designed to induce neutralizing antibodies, little
is known on T cell responses induced by these vaccines. The 2009 pandemic provided us …

Background Protection afforded by inactivated influenza vaccines can theoretically be
improved by inducing T-cell responses to conserved internal influenza A antigens. We …

Antigen‐specific antibodies are well characterized after vaccination with pandemic H1N1 or
seasonal influenza vaccines. However, knowledge on cellular immunity toward pandemic …

Pre‐existing human CD 4+ and CD 8+ T‐cell‐mediated immunity may be a useful correlate
of protection against severe influenza disease. Identification and evaluation of common …

Background Little is known on the participation of immunoglobulin isotypes and subclasses
in the pathogenesis of the severe disease caused by the pandemic influenza virus …

Background Studying cytokine/chemokine responses in severe influenza infections caused
by different virus subtypes may improve understanding on pathogenesis. Methods Adults …