The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized brain endothelial structure of the fully
differentiated neurovascular system. In concert with pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia, the …

A healthy brain is protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by the
endothelial cells that line brain capillaries. The BBB plays an extremely important role in …

Proper function of the neurovasculature is required for optimal brain function and preventing
neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Within this review, we discuss alterations of the …

An intact functioning blood–brain barrier (BBB) is fundamental to proper homoeostatic
maintenance and perfusion of the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammatory damage to …

Neuroinflammation is considered a chronic activation of the immune response in the central
nervous system (CNS) in response to different injuries. This brain immune activation results …

Neuroinflammation and the tissue-resident innate immune cells, the microglia, respond and
contribute to neurodegenerative pathology. Although microglia have been the focus of work …

Neuroinflammation and brain functional disconnection result from β-amyloid (Aβ)
accumulation and play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) represent
two complex structures protecting the central nervous system (CNS) against potentially …

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is associated with an accumulation of neurotoxic
molecules and increased infiltration of peripheral cells within the brain parenchyma …

It is well-known that stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability all over the
world. After a stroke, the blood-brain barrier subsequently breaks down. The BBB consists of …