The recognition that animals sense the world in a different way than we do has unlocked
important lines of research in ecology and evolutionary biology. In practice, the subjective …

Over a century ago workers such as J. Lubbock and K. von Frisch developed behavioural
criteria for establishing that non-human animals see colour. Many animals in most phyla …

The world in color presents a dazzling dimension of phenotypic variation. Biological interest
in this variation has burgeoned, due to both increased means for quantifying spectral …

Many animals use the spectral distribution of light to guide behaviour, but whether they have
colour vision has been debated for over a century. Our strong subjective experience of …

Most of our current understanding on colour discrimination by animal observers is built on
models. These typically set strict limits on the capacity of an animal to discriminate between …

Computational models of colour vision assume that the biological function of colour vision is
to detect surface reflectance. Some philosophers invoke these models as a basis for …

To study biologically relevant variation in visual signals, these need to be assessed in
relation to the sensory abilities of receivers. For the study of colors, reflectance spectrometry …

Animal colour patterns are a model system for understanding evolution because they are
unusually accessible for study and experimental manipulation. This is possible because …

Many of the subtleties in the evolutionary tuning of sensory systems still escape us. Insect
color vision is a typical case. While we know much about its mechanisms, the abundant …

Colors often appear to differ in arbitrary ways among related species. However, a fraction of
color diversity may be explained because some signals are more easily perceived in one …