The human face represents a combined set of highly heritable phenotypes, but knowledge
on its genetic architecture remains limited, despite the relevance for various fields. A series …

Genome-wide association scans of complex multipartite traits like the human face typically
use preselected phenotypic measures. Here we report a data-driven approach to …

The human face is complex and multipartite, and characterization of its genetic architecture
remains challenging. Using a multivariate genome-wide association study meta-analysis of …

Inter-individual variation in facial shape is one of the most noticeable phenotypes in
humans, and it is clearly under genetic regulation; however, almost nothing is known about …

Facial morphology—a conspicuous feature of human appearance—is highly heritable.
Previous studies on the genetic basis of facial morphology were performed mainly in …

Variations in the form of the human face, which plays a role in our individual identities and
societal interactions, have fascinated scientists and artists alike. Here, we review our current …

To characterize the genetic basis of facial features in Latin Americans, we performed a
genome-wide association study (GWAS) of more than 6000 individuals using 59 landmark …

Facial morphology is highly variable, both within and among human populations, and a
sizable portion of this variation is attributable to genetics. Previous genome scans have …

Numerous lines of evidence point to a genetic basis for facial morphology in humans, yet
little is known about how specific genetic variants relate to the phenotypic expression of …

In human society, the facial surface is visible and recognizable based on the facial shape
variation which represents a set of highly polygenic and correlated complex traits …