Objective To determine whether endogenous testosterone has a causal role in
thromboembolism, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. Design Two sample mendelian …

Background Testosterone supplementation has been linked to increased cardiovascular
disease risk in some observational studies. The causal role of testosterone can be …

Objective To determine the risk of venous thromboembolism associated with use of
testosterone treatment in men, focusing particularly on the timing of the risk. Design …

Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that serum total testosterone and sex hormone–
binding globulin (SHBG) levels predict cardiovascular (CV) events in community-dwelling …

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has an apparent sex disparity, with a more rapid
progress in men than in women. Whether the well-established sex-specific evolutionary …

Objective Ischaemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly men. Our
main objective was to examine whether testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was …

OBJECTIVES: Low plasma testosterone is associated with increased mortality in men.
However, the relation between testosterone and cardiovascular disease is uncertain. We …

Background Observationally lower testosterone is associated with an unhealthier
cardiovascular (CVD) risk profile, but this association is open to confounding and reverse …

Background: The influence of testosterone on risk for cardiovascular events in men is
uncertain. Previous observational studies of sex hormones and incident cardiovascular …

Context The literature provides no clear answer as to whether low endogenous testosterone
increases risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in healthy men. Objective Our purpose was …