The following method is proposed for the analysis of the elliptically polarized light leaving a
transparent, birefringent and dichroic specimen (in which the direction of maximum …

SUMMARY A simple birefringence detection system has been developed that can be used
with any standard polarizing microscope. A Foster prism is utilized in separating the …

Polarized light microscopy (PLM) is a technique which employs the use of polarizing filters to
obtain substantial optical property information about the material which is being observed …

Polarized light microscopy provides unique opportunities for analyzing the molecular order
in heterogeneous systems, such as living cells and tissues, without using exogenous dyes …

The extinction coefficient in conventional polarized light microscopes is non‐zero, even with
perfect polars, solely because of the image formation process in these instruments. The …

The various instruments to be described are based on the following principle: a wave front
which has been deformed by optical path difference variations in the object is doubled into …

In the field of polarizing microscopy, it is known that the surfaces of the condenser, specimen
slide and objective lens elements being employed between the usual polarizer and analyzer …

We describe a simple modification to a confocal microscope, which analyses the state of
polarization of light emerging from the specimen so as to permit quantitative polarized light …

In the standard polarizing microscope, birefringent material appears bright only if its optic
axis is oblique to the axes of the polarizer and analyzer filters; consequently, an object may …

[57] ABSTRACT A method for determining polarization properties of light from an object uses
a detector for detecting the intensity of light incident thereon. A pair of variable retarders are …