Background Observational studies are widely used in pharmacoepidemiology. Several
designs can be used, in particular self-controlled designs (case-crossover and self …

Purpose Consensus is needed on conceptual foundations, terminology and relationships
among the various self‐controlled “trigger” study designs that control for time‐invariant …

Background Despite the frequent use of self-controlled methods in
pharmacoepidemiological studies, the factors that may bias the estimates from these …

Background Case-only designs have been used since late 1980's. In these, as opposed to
case-control or cohort studies for instance, only cases are required and are self-controlled …

Self‐controlled observational study designs, such as the case–crossover design and the self‐
controlled case series, are reviewed, and their respective rationale, strengths and limitations …

Self-controlled study designs, also known as case-only designs or Self-controlled Crossover
Observational PharmacoEpidemiologic (SCOPE) studies, include case-crossover (CCO) …

Purpose To assess case‐only designs for surveillance with administrative databases.
Methods We reviewed literature on two designs that are observational analogs to crossover …

For self-controlled studies of medication-related effects, time-varying confounding by
indication can occur if the indication varies over time. We describe how active comparators …

Purpose The assumption that the occurrence of outcome event must not alter subsequent
exposure probability is critical for preserving the validity of the self‐controlled case series …

Large health care databases are used extensively for pharmacoepidemiologic studies.
Unique methodological issues arise when applying self-controlled designs (ie, using within …