Management of segmental bone defects is a considerable challenge for orthopedic
surgeons. Tissue engineering is a promising method for repairing bone defects, and …

A variety of engineered materials have gained acceptance in orthopedic practice as
substitutes for autologous bone grafts, although the regenerative efficacy of these …

This study evaluated the results of repair of the radius defect with a vascularized tissue
engineered bone graft composed by implanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and a …

Bone is one of the most vascular network-rich tissues in the body and the vascular system is
essential for the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of bone. When segmental …

Significant advances have been made in bone tissue engineering (TE) in the past decade.
However, classical bone TE strategies have been hampered mainly due to the lack of …

Tissue engineering principles allow the generation of functional tissues for biomedical
applications. Reconstruction of large-scale bone defects with tissue-engineered bone has …

Natural bone growth greatly depends on the precedent vascular network that supplies
oxygen and essential nutrients and removes metabolites. Likewise, it is crucial for tissue …

Inadequate vascularization of engineered tissue constructs is a main challenge in
developing a clinically impactful therapy for large, complex, and recalcitrant bone defects. It …

Vascularization of large bone grafts is one of the main challenges of bone tissue
engineering (BTE), and has held back the clinical translation of engineered bone constructs …

Objectives The bone tissue engineering primarily focuses on three‐dimensional co‐culture
systems, which physical and biological properties resemble the cell matrix of actual tissues …