Bone remodeling is a complex process regulated by several mediators. Recent work has
revealed that cytokines and growth factors have significant effects on bone cell metabolism …

Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that aims at the resolution of dental malocclusions. The
specialist carries out the treatment using intraoral or extraoral orthodontic appliances that …

Background: The analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be an acceptable way to
examine the ongoing biochemical processes associated with bone turnover during …

Objectives: To investigate differences in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) composition
between adolescent and adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed …

Introduction Bacterial plaque is an etiologic factor in the development of gingival
inflammation and periodontitis. The presence of orthodontic bands and brackets influences …

When an orthodontic force is applied, the periodontal tissues express extensive
macroscopic and microscopic changes, leading to alterations in 5 microenvironments …

Objectives Mechanical loading is a potential activator of inflammation and able to stimulate
factors for periodontal and alveolar bone destruction. Aim of this study was to investigate the …

OBJECTIVE: In orthodontic tooth movement, some cytokines released from periodontal
ligament fibroblasts and alveolar bone osteoblasts on the pressure side can alter the normal …

Purpose To evaluate and form a comprehensive understanding of the effect of patient age
on bone remodeling and consequently on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) …

Introduction Orthodontic tooth movement results from increased inflammation and osteoclast
activation. Since patients of all ages now routinely seek orthodontics treatment, we …