A primary goal of exoplanet characterization is to use a planet's current composition to
understand how that planet formed. For example, the C/O ratio has long been recognized as …

Relating planet formation to atmospheric composition has been a long-standing goal of the
planetary science community. So far, most modeling studies have focused on predicting the …

The chemical composition of planetary atmospheres has long been thought to store
information regarding where and when a planet accretes its material. Predicting this …

The origin of close-in giant planets is a key open question in planet formation theory. The
two leading models are (i) formation at the outer disk followed by migration and (ii) in situ …

The origin of hot Jupiters—gas giant exoplanets orbiting very close to their host stars—is a
long-standing puzzle. Planet formation theories suggest that such planets are unlikely to …

The elemental compositions of planet-hosting stars serve as proxies for the primordial
compositions of protoplanetary disks within which the planets form. The temperature profile …

Exoplanet discoveries of recent years have provided a great deal of new data for studying
the bulk compositions of giant planets. Here we identify 47 transiting giant planets (20 M⊕< …

In order to characterize giant exoplanets and better understand their origin, knowledge of
how the planet's composition depends on its mass and stellar environment is required. In …

We investigate a population of transiting planets that receive relatively modest stellar
insolation, indicating equilibrium temperatures< 1000 K, and for which the heating …

Deciphering the role of clouds is central to our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres, as
they have a direct impact on the temperature and pressure structure, and observational …