COVID-19 is a viral infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) that killed a large number of patients around the world. A hyperinflammatory …

The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still not fully unraveled. Though …

Abstract The COVID-19-, SARS-and MERS-related coronaviruses share many genomic and
structural similarities. However, the SARS-CoV-2 is less pathogenic than SARS-CoV and …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in countless
infections and caused millions of deaths since its emergence in 2019. Coronavirus disease …

SARS-COV-2 virus is responsible for the ongoing devastating pandemic. Since the early
phase of the pandemic, the “cytokine-storm” appeared a peculiar aspect of SARS-COV-2 …

Clinical intervention in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has
demonstrated a strong upregulation of cytokine production in patients who are critically ill …

The elevated circulating levels of cytokines associated with a variety of infectious and
immune-mediated conditions are frequently termed a cytokine storm. Here, we explain the …

Pathogenic human coronavirus infections, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV
(SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), cause high morbidity …

Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global crisis.
In the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces an excessive …

Clinical evidence indicates that the fatal outcome observed with severe acute respiratory
syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection often results from alveolar injury that impedes airway …