Dear Editor, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV-2) with the symptoms …

To the Editor: Since the emergence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, the …

Emerging respiratory viruses are major health threats due to their potential to cause massive
outbreaks. Over the past 2 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has …

Balanced immune regulation is crucial for recognizing an invading pathogen, its killing, and
elimination. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the key regulators of the innate immune system. It …

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 has led to more than
200,000 deaths worldwide. Several studies have now established that the …

COVID-19-infected patients require an intact immune system to suppress viral replication
and prevent complications. However, the complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection that led to …

The pathogenesis of pandemic coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) likely depends heavily on …

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in a pandemic that has had widespread …

SARS-Cov-2 infection causes local and systemic inflammation mediated by pro-
inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 eicosanoid products with metabolic dysfunction and …

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 presents with a spectrum of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic or mild …