Innovative technologies are required to satisfy the ever increasing bandwidth demand
associated with new communication services. Optical free space communication, with its …

Optical communication with high photon-efficiency (many bits/photon) and high spectral
efficiency (SE)(many bits/s-Hz) cannot be achieved unless multiple spatial modes are …

Free-space laser downlinks have the potential to provide high data rates in space-to-earth
communications and become a key enabler of future optical information systems in space …

In this paper we provide an overview of how the presence of atmospheric turbulence and
scattering/absorbing media in the atmospheric channel degrade high-data-rate free-space …

In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of dual hop radio frequency (RF)/free-
space optical (FSO) fixed gain relay environment confined by atmospheric turbulence …

The use of optical spatial modulation (OSM) is proposed as a simple low-complexity means
of achieving spatial diversity in coherent free-space optical (FSO) communication systems …

The free-space optical (FSO) communications can provide any connectivity need at high-
speed. However, an optical wave propagating through the atmosphere experiences the …

Free-space optical communications systems in the atmosphere, based on intensity
modulation and direct detection, are heavily affected by fading caused by turbulence cells of …

In spite of the tremendous technical advancement of available components, the major
limitation of free-space laser communication (lasercom) performance is due to the …

Coherent wireless optical communication systems with heterodyne detection are analyzed
for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), differential PSK (DPSK), and M-ary PSK over Gamma …