PD-1 is a type I immune inhibitory transmembrane receptor of the CD28 family that
modulates the activity of T cells in peripheral tissues [1]. It is expressed in T cells, B cells …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking immune checkpoint molecules, especially
programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) …

Structural immunology, focusing on structures of host immune related molecules, enables
the immunologists to see what the molecules look like, and more importantly, how they work …

Abstract Antibody-based PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies have taken center stage in
immunotherapies for cancer, with multiple clinical successes. PD-1 signaling plays pivotal …

Immune checkpoint blockade has displayed substantial anti-tumor resistance in a variety of
forms of cancer, but the fundamental regulation role remains unclear, and several questions …

The PD-1 pathway, consisting of the co-inhibitory receptor PD-1 on T cells and its ligand (PD-
L1) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), is a major mechanism of tumor immune evasion. PD …

Cancer immunotherapy by targeting of immune checkpoint molecules has been a research
'hot-spot'in recent years. Nivolumab, a human monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1, has …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed death
1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), have achieved enormous success in the …

The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor on the surface of immune cells is an immune
checkpoint molecule that mediates the immune escape of tumor cells. Consequently …

Inhibitors of PD-1 signaling have revolutionized cancer therapy. PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies
have been approved for the treatment of cancer. To date, therapeutic PD-1 inhibitors have …