In the twentieth century at different times and in different places Communication
technologies expanded. In the first the telephone invented as a wired technology and then …

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) refers to a wireless network where nodes dynamically
establish and maintain connections with each other, directly without the need for a …

Nowadays, the use of wireless technology has invaded the market of telecommunications
networks. There are two main families of wireless networks: networks with infrastructure and …

Routing is a fundamental component in the operation of ad hoc networks. Nodes must
cooperatively create and manage the network without the support of any centralized …

Wired Networks or Cellular Networks are unsuccessful in compromised physical areas or
environments such as battle fields, submarines, underground bunkers, flood, earthquake …

A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes that can dynamically be set up
anywhere and anytime without using any preexisting network infrastructure. It is an …

In both the military and the civilian sectors, next-generation wireless networks can be
employed for a wide range of intricate and adaptive applications. It is possible that …

There are various bio inspired and evolutionary approaches including genetic programming
(GP), Neural Network, Evolutionary programming (EP) exploited for routing optimization in …